ESTIMATE OF BUILDINGS

       ESTIMATE OF BUILDINGS


1. What are methods to be adopted for volume calculating?
i)From cross-section
ii) From spot level
iii) From contours




2. Define analysis of rates?
Determination of rates of works from the qualities and cost of materials and labour required is termed as analysis of rates.


3. Define a tender?

Tender is an offer given in writing to execute specified articles or materials at a certain rate, within a fixed time, under certain conditions of agreement between the contractor and the party, which may be a government department or an individual.



4. Define ‘contract’

Contract is merely an agreement being enforceable by law between two persons or parties.




5. What are the types of culvert?
i) Arch culvert
ii) Slab culvert
iii) Pipe culvert
iv) Box culvert



6. What are the methods of estimate?
i)Detailed estimate
ii)Abstract estimate



7. What are the types of estimate?

i) Preliminary Estimate or Rough cost estimate
ii) Plinth area estimate
iii) Cube Rate Estimate or Cubical Content Estimate
iii) Revised Estimate
iv) Approximate Quantity Method Estimate
v)Supplementary Estimate
vi) Detailed Estimate or Item Rate Estimate
vii)Supplementary Estimate and Revised Estimate
viii)Annual Repair or Maintenances Estimate



8. Briefly explain about preliminary Estimate?

The estimate which prepared using any rough method to get the approximate cost construction anticipated in a project is called an approximate or rough estimate. Since this estimate is normally prepared in the preliminary estimate.




9. Estimate the quantities of brickwork and plastering required in a wall 4m long. 3m high and 30cm brick Calculate also the cost if the rate of brickwork is
Rs.32.00 per cu.m. and of plastering is Rs.8.50 per sq.m.


Qualities of brickwork

= L*B*H
= 4m*3m*0.30 m
= 3.6 cu.m

Quantity of plastering (two faces)
 = 2*(4m*3m)
= 24 sq.m

Cost of brickwork = 3.6 * 320.00
= Rs.1,152.00

Cost of plastering = 24 * 8.50
= Rs.204.00
Total Cost = 1,152.00 + 204.00
= Rs.1,356.000




10. Define detailed estimate?
The estimate, which provides the item wise quantities of works, item wise unit rates and item wise expenditure anticipated in the project / construction, is called a detailed estimate.



11. Define Abstract estimate?
This is the third and final stage in a detailed estimate. The quantities and rates of each item of work, arrived in the first two stages, are now entered in an abstract form.The total cost of each item of work is now calculated by multiplying the quantities and respective rates


12. Define quantity surveyor?

A qualified or experienced person who does the above mentioned works (taking off, squaring, abstracting and billing) is called a quality surveyor.



13. Write the duties of quality surveyor?

=== Preparing bill of quantities (Taking off, squaring, Abstracting and billing)

===Preparing bills for part payments at intervals during the execution of work.

===Preparing bill of adjustment in the case of variations ordered during the

===execution of work.

=== Giving legal advice in case of court proceedings.




14. Write the essential qualities of a good surveyor.?

i) The quality surveyor must be will versed with the drawings of work.He should be able to read the drawing correctly and bill the qualities accurately.


ii) He should have a through knowledge of the construction procedure to be adopted, the various items of works involved in the execution: and the different materials to be used in the work.


iii) He should be able to prepare schedule to be priced by tenderor.




15. What are the main components of culvert?
1)Abutments
ii) Wing walls
iii)Arch




16. What are factors to be considered in design of septic tank ?

The following factors should be taken into consideration:
 Material should be water proof and corrosion resistant.
 Natural ventilation provided should be adequate.
 A manhole should be provided to permit inspection and cleaning.
 Baffles should be limited to one at the inlet and one at the outlet.
 The escape of as and sludge to effluent pipe should be avoided.



17. Define Lead?
Lead is the crow flying horizontal distance from the center of borrow pit to the center of the earthwork at site, i.e. center of the area of excavation to the center of placed earth.



18. Define lift ?
Lift is the distance through which the excavated soil is lifted beyond a certain specified depth.







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Fluid Pressure

Fluid Pressure
It is a branch of Mathematics/Science which deals with the conditions of equilibrium of masses of fluids or of solids in contact with fluids at rest.


Fluid: A fluid is a substance which require some support to maintain its shape. Also fluids are substances which flow or are capable of flowing. Thus, a fluid is a collection of material particles so situated in contact with each other as to form a continuous mass, and such that the application of the slightest possible force to any one of them is sufficient to displace it from it from its position relative to the rest. That part of Statics, where a fluid appears as the principal means of transmission of force, is termed Hydrostatics. Fluids are of two kinds: Liquids and Gases.

Liquid: A liquid is a fluid which is more or less incompressible and it requires some external support to maintain its shape. Its volume is the same whatever be the shape of the vessel containing it. For example, water is a liquid, because whenever it be poured from one vessel into another of different shape, its volume does not change but it takes the form of the new vessel.

Gas: A gas is a fluid which is compressible and a given portion of it can be made to expand indefinitely by increasing sufficiently the shape to which it has access. Neither volume nor the shape of a given portion of a gas is fixed.



                       Centre of Pressure

If a plane area be immersed in a liquid. Pressure at any point is normal to the plane surface and it is proportional to the depth of the element below the free surface of the liquid. The totality of all these pressures on one side of the plane area will constitute a system of like parallel forces. The magnitude of the resultant of these like parallel forces is called the “resultant fluid thrust”. Its magnitude is the arithmetic sum of all the parallel forces. That point where the resultant of like parallel forces is called the “centre of pressure”.

Definition: The centre of pressure (C.P) of a plane area immersed in a fluid is that point of the plane area at which the resultant thrust of the fluid on one side of the plane area acts.

Note: The depth of the centre of pressure of a plane area immersed in a fluid is greater than the depth of the centre of gravity.

SSC JE CIVIL ENGINEERING MAINS PAPER

SSC JE CIVIL ENGINEERING MAINS 

(STSGE II) PAPER 2017

PART A
General Engineering
(CIVIL AND STRUCTURAL)

1

A)  Determine the dissolved oxygen at the end of 2 days                                                   

  for The Following Deta:---- 
             Assume Deoxygenation constant
               K = 0 -11 per day Reoxygenation
constant  R = 0-33 per day

B)        A clay stratum has 2.5 m thickness and has initial overburden

pressure of 45KN/m². The clay is over consolidated with a preconsolidation pressure of 65 kN/m². Find the final settlement

due to increment of pressure of 55 KN/m² at the middle of clay layer.

 Use the following data
Initial void ratio = 1.2
Compression index = 0.27
Swelling index = 006

C)     Discuss the factors affecting duty of water?

(D)         Calculate the safe overtaking sight distance for a design speed of

100 km/Hr. Assume maximum overtaking acceleration as 1.92 km/Hr/sec.

SSC JE CIVIL ENGINEERING MAINS PAPER

2)

A) What Are The Requirement Of Good Ballast In Railway Engineering, Explain How The Minimum Depth Of Ballast Cushion Is Estimated?

(b)  Determine the correct bearings of the lines of a closed traverse PQRSTP. The readings are as follows :-

Identify the stations affected by local attraction?

(c) What are the factors affecting selection of contour interval ?

D) A trapezoidal dam with a vertical water face is 2.5 m wide at the top and 14 m wide at the base. 
The height of the dam is 27 m. 
Find the maximum depth of water so that the dam section is free from tension.
Assume unit weight of dam material as 21 KN/m3 and that of water as 9-81 kN/m3

SSC JE CIVIL ENGINEERING MAINS PAPER

3).

A) Describe plate load test as per IS 1888 , Discuss the limitations. What are the effects of size Of plate on bearing capacity and settlement ? 





B) A classroom is of the size 8.5m x 3.6m.
 Design a simply supported roof slab for this Classroom.
 The superimposed load is 5 kN/m2. 
Use M 20 grade concrete and HYSD Fe 415 steel. 
Use Limit state method for the design?

C)  Explain the steps the design of column with helical reinforcement in limit state method.

SSC JE CIVIL ENGINEERING MAINS PAPER

4).

A) What are the characteristics of a good quality timber ?


B) Derive the condition for the trapezoidal channel Of Best section. Prove that the hydraulic mean depth for such a Channel is one-half the depth Of Flow. 


C) The discharge Of a Pelton wheel turbine is 5 m3/sec at a head Of 300 m at the nozzle. 

There are two runners and each runner has two jets. 
The length of the pipeline is 1900 m. 
The efficiency of the transmission for the pipe is 90%.
Assume friction factor f as 0.008. 

Determine 

jet diameter. pipe diameter and output of the turbine? 
&
The overall efficiency of turbine is 85%.?




D) What is Workability Of concrete ? 

Explain slump test and compacting factor test? 

Discuss the factors affecting Workability?

SSC JE CIVIL ENGINEERING MAINS PAPER

5).

A) A 6 m High Vertical wall Supports a Saturated cohesive soil with horizontal surface. 

The top 3.5 m of the Backfill has bulk density 18 kN/m3 and apparent cohesion of 16 kN/m2.
The bulk density and apparent cohesion of the bottom 2.5 m is 19.5 kN/mg and 18 kN/m2 respectively. will be total active earth pressure on the wall ?


 Draw the pressure distribution diagram.

 Assume that tension cracks will develop?.

 Locate the point of application of the resultant pressure?.







B) A direct shear test was conducted on a silty sand.
 at failure the normal and shear stresses were found to be 66 kPa and 40 kPa respectively. 

Draw Mohr's circle and determine :-


  (i) Angle of shearing resistance 

 (ii) Principal stresses at failure

 (iii) Locate the pole and find orientation Of failure plane.



C) The pump-out test was performed to determine the field permeability of an unconfined aquifer and the following observations were made :-

 RL oforiginal water table before pumping 250.5 m
 RL ofwater in the well at constant pumping = 245.6 m
 RL of the rock of impervious layer = 220.0 m
 RL of water in observation well = 249.8 m 
The distance ofobservation well from tubewell = 48 m 

Determine:- 

(i) Coefficient of permeability of the aquifer (k)


ii) Error in k if observations arc not taken in the observation well and radius of influence is assumed to be 298 m 


(iii) Actual radius of influence based on the observations Of observation well 


(iv) Radius of influence using Sichart equation
The diameter of the well is 20 cm and discharge is 250 m3/hr.

SSC JE CIVIL ENGINEERING MAINS PAPER

6).

A) Draw SFD& BMD

B) Define The Following Term:-

i)Scrap Value

ii)Salvage Value

iii)Sinking Fund & Depriciations

FOR 2018 PAPER CLICK HERE
https://prarocks77.blogspot.com/2019/12/ssc-je-2018-mains-paper.html

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Transportation Engg. & Geomatics Engg FOR GATE

Transportation Engg. & Geomatics Engg Questions With Full Solutions

Q.1) If it is found that tyre walls of a vehicle are in tension then rigidity factor is?
a. greater than 1
b. equal to 1
c. less than 1
d. can not be determined







Correct Ans. C (less than 1)

Solution--

Q.2) The ruling minimum radius of horizontal curve of a national highway in a plain terrain
for a ruling design speed of 120 kmph with e = 0.07 and f = 0.15 is (in meter)?
a. 377
b. 467
c. 516
d. 567






Correct Ans. C

Solution

Q.3) Which of the following cannot be achieved by remote sensing?

a. Detection of forest fires
b. Detection of pollutants
c. Detection of earthquake
d. Land use pattern







Correct Ans. c ( Detection of earthquake)




Q.4) Road geometrics are designed for the speed of
a. 15th percentile
b. 85th percentile
c. 98th percentile
d. 100th percentile






Correct Ans. C (. 98th percentile)


Q.5) What is the percentage temperature correction on the runway is
a. 17.94%
b. 18.24%
c. 19.70%
d. 21.40%





Correct Ans. C (19.70%)

Solution

Q.6) EDM in a total station measures directly?
a. Vertical angles
b. Horizontal angles
c. Slope distances
d. Horizontal distances





Correct Ans. C (Slope distances)



Q.7) The size of theodolite is defined by ?
a. the diameter of the graduated circle of lower plate
b. the diameter of the graduated circle of upper plate
c. the height of theodolite
d. the length of the telescope





Correct Ans. A ( the diameter of the graduated circle of lower plate)



Q.8) Which of the following factors affect the geometric design of road?
1. Topography 2. Traffic factors
3. Design hourly volume
a. 1 and 2
b. 1 and 3
c. 2 and 3
d. All of these





Correct Ans. D (All of these)


Q.9) The reduced bearing of a 20 m long line segment is N30° E. The departure of the line is
______ m.?






Correct Ans. 10 (9.99 - 10.0)


Solution--

Transportation Engg. & Geomatics Engg Questions With Full Solutions


Q.10) The width of expansion gap is 2.5 cm in a cement concrete pavement. The spacing
between expansion joint for a maximum rise in temperature of 30°C is _________ m.
[Take coefficient of thermal expansion of concrete as 10 × 10–6 /°C]?







Correct Ans.41.67 (41- 42)



Solution--

Q.11 Maximum parking density can be achieved on a street parking by keeping vehicles at
an angle of ____________ degrees from the street wall.?






 Correct Ans. 90 (89.99 - 90.01)

Solution----.Maximum density can be achieved by keeping vehicle perpendicular to street wall.






Q.12) If 25,000 vehicles crosses a road in a day and 5000 vehicles cross the road between 9
am to 10 am then hourly expansion factor is ____________?.





Correct Ans. 5 (4.99 - 5.01)

Solution-
HOURLY EXPANSION FACTOR =25000/5000  =5Ans







Q.13) The length of a line measured with a 20 m chain was found to be 250 . The true length
of the line if the chain was 10 cm too long, will be ___________ m ?





Correct Answer- 251.25 (250 - 251.50)

Solution-

Transportation Engg. & Geomatics Engg Questions With Full Solutions


Q.14) On a hill road a ruling gradient of 5% is provided and has a radius of horizontal curve
of 50 m. Design speed on the road is 50 kmph. The compensated gradient of the curve
is _________ %.







Correct Ans.4 (3.99 - 4.01)

Solution-

Q.15) In a compacted cylindrical bituminous mix
then percentage voids in the sample is ___________.





Correct Ans.9.43 (9.4 - 9.5)

Solution-

Q.16) A plan drawn to a scale of 1 : 4000 was measured by mistake by a scale of 1 : 5000. The
percentage error in the measured area will be ___________





Correct Ans. 56.25 (55.50 - 57.40)

Solution-

Q.17) An offset is 15 m long and the scale of plotting is 1 cm = 30 m. If the accuracy in linear
measurement is 1 in 20 combined permissible error is 0.025, then what will be the
permissible error in the angular measurement?
a. 12°
b. 8°
c. 4°
d. 0°


Solution-

Correct Ans. (D)



Q.18) Which of the following graphs for Marshall stability chart is/are CORRECT?

a. 1, 2 and 3
b. 1 only
c. 1 and 2
d. 1 and 3



Correct Ans. (A)
With increase in bitumen content void content decreases.




Transportation Engg. & Geomatics Engg Questions With Full Solutions



Q.19) For designing a 2 phase fixed type signal at intersection having North-South and East-
West road where only straight ahead traffic is permitted, the following data is available,

Total time lost per cycle is 9 sec. The cycle length (seconds) as per Webster’s method
is?



a. 53
b. 62
c. 107
d. 115





Correct Ans. (B)





Q.20) Which of the following statements is/are correct for an uncontrolled right angle
intersection of two, 2 lane roads on which traffic is allowed in both directions?

1. Ratio of merging conflict points to crossing conflict points is 2.
2. Ratio of weaving conflict points to merging conflict point is (2/3).
a. 1 only
b. 2 only
c. Both 1 and 2
d. Neither 1 nor 2




Correct Ans. (A)


Solution-

  NO.Of Point Of Conflict:-
                                               Crossing-04
                                               Merging-08
                                               Weaving-12



Q.21) On a 2 lane highway road, there is a horizontal curve of radius 360 m and length 180 m.
If stopping sight distance is 90 m then set back distance from center line of inner lane
required is?
(Assume pavement width = 7 m)
a. 1.87 m
b. 2.82 m
c. 3.70 m
d. 4.57 m





Correct Ans. (B)

Solution-

Q.22) The data given below are obtained for design of a flexible pavement.
Initial traffic = 2000 cvpd
Traffic growth rate = 10% per annum
Design life= 15 years
Vehicle damage factor = 2.8
Distribution factor = 0.75
The design traffic in terms of million standard axles to be catered would be?

a. 8 msa
b. 18.40 msa
c. 48.70 msa
d. 56.36 msa





Correct Ans. (C)



Transportation Engg. & Geomatics Engg Questions With Full Solutions


Q.23) Horizontal transition curves are provided on roads to?
1. Introduce centrifugal force gradually.
2. Provide sufficient overtaking distance.
3. Improve aesthetic appearance.
a. 1, 2 and 3
b. 1 and 2
c. 2 and 3
d. 1 only




 Correct Ans- D
Overtaking criterion is not considered in horizontal transition curve design.




Q.24) A bubble tube of a level has a sensitiveness of 24″ per 2 mm division. The error in the
reading on a staff held at a distance of 110 m from the level when the bubble is
deflected by two divisions from the centre will be ?

a. 19.96 mm
b. 21.18 mm
c. 23.67 mm
d. 25.59 mm






 Correct Ans-(D) 25.59 mm




Q.25) A vehicle is moving on a descending gradient with a velocity of 60 kmph. Suddenly
driver observes an obstacle and applies brakes having efficiency of 80%, stops after
covering a distance of 260 m. If longitudinal friction on road is 0.40 then descending
gradient is _________% (Magnitude only)








 Correct Ans-25.6 (25.0 - 26.1)





Q.26) In a closed traverse XYZ, the following readings were taken:
If station X is free from local attraction, the corrected bearing (in degree) of ZY is
_________?








 Correct Ans-295 (294.99 - 295.01)









Q.27) The speed density (u – k) relationship on a single lane road with unidirectional flow is u
= 65 – 0.8 K where u is in km/hr and K is in Veh/km. The capacity of the road is
___________ veh/hr.?






 Correct Ans- 1320 (1319 - 1321)








Q.28) For a highway section, following vehicular data was observed:
The space mean speed of vehicles is _________ km/hr.






 Correct Ans-40.91 (40 - 42)







Q.29) An observation car is moving on a one way road of 12 km stretch. This ride takes 35
minutes to reach destination point which includes stoppage of car for 10 minutes. If car
was overtaken by 70 vehicles and overtakes 25 vehicles and during stoppage observer
counts 40 vehicles, then average speed of vehicle stream on the road is _____________
km/hr.





 Correct Ans-15.6 (15 - 16.2)





Q.30) A verticle summit curve is formed at the intersection of 2% and –4% gradients. If the
design speed on the road is 60 kmph and longitudinal coefficient of friction is 0.40 then
length of summit curve as per SSD critieria provided should be _______________ m.
[Take reaction time = 2.5 sec]





 Correct Ans-81.02 (79 - 82)






Q.31) Following observations were made for an axle load survey on a road
If the standard axle load is 80 kN and 2100 vehicles passes everyday then the vehicle
damage factor is __________.?






 Correct Ans-0.15 (0.14 to 0.16)




Transportation Engg. & Geomatics Engg Questions With Full Solutions

Q.32) A vane of 3.0 m above the foot of a staff was sighted at a point 3000 m away from the
instrument. The observed angle of elevation was 2° 30′. The reduced level of the
trunnion axis being 200 m. The reduced level of the staff station will be __________ m.
Also assume correction for curvature and refraction.?








Correct Ans- 327.37 (325 - 330)





Q.33 On a broad gauge 3° curve, the equilibrium cant is provided for a speed of 75 km/hr.
The value of maximum allowable speed after allowing a maximum cant deficiency,
is__________ kmph.?








 Correct Ans. 94.46 (94 - 95)



Solution-

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